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Evaluation of intervention
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Introduction
Clinical trials are performed to evaluate new therapies. During a study large amounts of data are collected on the efficacy and safety of the experimental and control treatments. To be able to draw conclusions from these data they have to be summarized. These summaries are then compared between the treatment groups. This section discusses how risk is measured in clinical trials, what summary statistics are used, and how these summary statistics (the event rate) can be compared between two treatment groups. Risks can be compared in absolute and relative terms. Also, a bridge to clinical practice is made by showing how relative risk reductions and increases reported in the literature can be used to quantify the benefits and risks to individual patients who will be exposed to new treatments.
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